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Future perspectives of anticholinergics for the treatment of asthma in adults and children. Authors : Buhl R1, Hamelmann E2,3. 1 Pulmonary Department, Johannes Gutenberg University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany, roland.buhl@unimedizin-mainz.de. 2 Children's Center Bethel, Evangelic Hospital Bethel, Department of Pediatrics, Bielefeld, Germany. 3 University Children's Hospital, Allergy Center Ruhr, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany. Abstract Despite major advances in therapeutic interventions and the availability of detailed treatment guidelines, a high proportion of patients with symptomatic asthma remain uncontrolled. Asthma management is largely guided by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) strategy and is based on a backbone of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy with the use of additional therapies to achieve disease control. Inhaled long-acting bronchodilators alone and in combination are the preferred add-on treatment options. Although long-ac...
ICON: Diagnosis and management of allergic conjunctivitis. Authors: Bielory L1, Delgado L2, Katelaris CH3, Leonardi A4, Rosario N5, Vichyanoud P6. Author information Abstract Ocular allergy (OA), interchangeably known as allergic conjunctivitis, is a common immunological hypersensitivity disorder affecting up to 40% of the population. Ocular allergy has been increasing in frequency, with symptoms of itching, redness, and swelling that significantly impacts an individual's quality of life (QOL). Ocular allergy is an often underdiagnosed and undertreated health problem, because only 10% of patients with OA symptoms seek medical attention, whereas most patients manage with over-the-counter medications and complementary nonpharmacological remedies. The clinical course, duration, severity, and co-morbidities are varied and depend, in part, on the specific ocular tissues that are affected and on immunologic mechanism(s) involved, both local and systemic. It is frequently associat...
Hypersensitivity Reactions to Proton-Pump Inhibitors: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management Authors: Seçil Kepil Özdemir 1, Sevim Bavbek 2 Abstract Background: Proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) are one of the most commonly prescribed drugs, and they are generally well tolerated. However, several immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions due to PPIs have been reported. Objective: To review the clinical characteristics and management of immune-mediated immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to PPIs. Methods: We performed a search of a medical literature data base from January 1980 to October 2019 by using keywords that included "proton-pump inhibitors" and "hypersensitivity." Results: Anaphylaxis is the most-common clinical presentation in patients with immediate hypersensitivity reactions to PPIs, followed by urticaria and/or angioedema. Occupational contact dermatitis, maculopapular eruption, fixed drug eruption, symmetrical drug-relat...
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