ALERGOLOGÍA PARA MÉDICOS Y PACIENTES 2021

Alergia a epitelios de animales  Autor: Dra Natalia Aguirre 

Pro/Con Debate CON: Skin testing with fresh foods Aikaterini Anagnostou, MD, PhD Texas Children’s Hospital Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology; Baylor College of Medicine Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Houston, Texas 10.1016/j.anai.2019.12.010 Pro/Con Debate Pro: Skin prick testing with fresh foods Arnon Elizur, MD *, y; Michael R. Goldberg, MD * * Institute of Allergy, Immunology and Pediatric Pulmonology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel 10.1016/j.anai.2019.11.032

Capítulo B07. Aspergilosis broncopulmonar alérgica (ABPA) Authors:  Reto Crameri                                             Abstract   Aspergillus fumigatus is the causative agent involved in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, an intense inflammatory response of the lung to A. fumigatus allergens. Twenty-tree allergens from the fungus have been cloned, produced as recombinant proteins, and characterized. Component resolved serologic investigations of patient’s sera with the recombinant A. fumigatus allergens of the fungus can aid to confirm a diagnosis of ABPA suspected from clinical signs. EAACI link:  www.eaaci.org

Capítulo B06. Alergia a gato, perro y caballo Authors:   Marianne van Hage, Christiane Hilger                                            Abstract   Mammalian furry animals are an important indoor allergen source. Sensitisation to mammalian furry animals is common and a risk factor for the development of allergic rhinitis and asthma Cat, dog and horse contain cross-reactive molecules such as serum albumins and some lipocalins. Co-sensitization to furry animals can be distinguished from cross-sensitization by allergen component testing. EAACI link:  www.eaaci.org

Capítulo B05. Cockroach allergy Authors:   Luis Caraballo, Thomas Platts-Mills                                            Abstract   Cockroach allergens are strong inducers of sensitization and asthma. Clinically important species include American, German, Oriental, Asian, brownbanded and smoky-brown cockroaches. Bla g 2 and Bla g 5 have the higher frequency of IgE positivity among cockroach allergens but there are important differences among individual patients and populations. Currently, diagnosis is performed by skin testing and/or measurement of specific IgE to cockroach, using crude extracts EAACI link:  www.eaaci.org

Capítulo B04. Dust mite allergy Authors:   Thomas Platts-Mills, Luis Caraballo                                            Abstract   House dust allergy is an important risk factor for asthma and rhinitis Most recognized house dust mites are Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis In the majority of cases skin test with mite extracts is able to detect sensitization and define the specificity of immunotherapy in asthmatic patients The use of species specific components might be necessary in places like the Tropics where coexposure to non-crossreacting mites genera is common EAACI link:  www.eaaci.org

Capítulo B03. Weed pollen allergy Authors:   Gabriele Gadermaier, Janet M. Davies, Thomas Hawranek, Richard Weber                                            Abstract   Common invasive weeds like ragweed, mugwort and plantain, are frequently important allergen sources typically flowering in summer through to autumn. The biogeographical range and pollination periods of allergenic weeds can overlap confounding accurate allergy diagnosis. Specific IgE to Amb a 1 can be a useful marker for ragweed sensitization but it shows cross- reactivitywithArtv6frommugwort. Likewise specific IgE to Art v 1 can be a useful marker for mugwort sensitization, but its shows partial cross-reactivity with Amb a 4 from ragweed. Art v 3 reactivity is frequently associated wi...

Capítulo B02. Grass pollen allergy Authors:   Janet M. Davies, Paolo M. Matricardi, Johannes Schmid                                            Abstract   IgE to group 1 allergens (eg Phl p 1) is a marker of true grass pollen sensitisation. Whilst IgE to other major grass pollen allergens are rarely observed in the absence of IgE to Phl p 1, IgE to Phl p 5 or Phl p 2 can serve as a markers of true grass pollen sensitisation. A number of allergen families exist in grass pollens, but IgE reactivity to Phl p 4, Phl p7, Phl p 11 or Phl 12 may be due to cross-reactivity (CCD or panallergenicity). Early onset of IgE sensitisation to grass pollen allergens, particularly Phl p 1, and a high number of sensitisations (Phl p 5, 7 and 12) may be prognostic markers ...

Capítulo B01.  Tree pollen allergy. Authors:   Enrico Scala, Riccardo Asero, Verena  Niederberger                                            Abstract   Cup a 1 reactivity is the specific marker  allergen for a sensitization to the Cupressaceae family.  PR-10 molecules (i.e. Bet v 1) are the major  allergens in Fagales pollen, often associated  with an oral allergy syndrome.  Ole e 1 is the most common sensitizing molecule in olive pollen.  Pla a 1 and Pla a 2 may serve as a marker of  primary sensitization to plane tree pollen. EAACI link:  www.eaaci.org

Dr. Ricardo Cardona Villa, Jefe del Programa de Alergología Clínica, en compañía de otros 7 docentes y 7 de los residentes del programa. "Este programa nutre y oxigena la Alergología Clínica en Colombia" Ricardo Cardona Villa.

Capítulo A6.  Allergen families and databases. Authors:   Heimo Breiteneder                                            Abstract   Proteins that share a common evolutionary origin - which is reflected first and foremost by their similar overall structure and topology - are grouped into families. Families with a common origin are grouped into superfamilies. Very few of the almost 16,300 protein families as described by the protein family database Pfam families harbour allergens. Proteins that are described worldwide as allergens can be classified roughly into 30 to 40 protein families. Based on their molecular, biologic and biochemical properties, allergenic proteins are able to initiate both innate and adaptive immune responses during the sensit...

Capítulo A5. Skin test, basophil activation test (bat) and provocation tests Authors:   Nikos Douladiris, Peter Korosec, Hans Jürgen Hoffmann                                            Abstract   Skin and other provocation testing with molecular allergens is safe and may provide important information beyond extract testing. Basophil activation testing of molecular allergens is a good alternative prior to skin or other provocation testing. EAACI link:  www.eaaci.org

Capítulo A4.  Methods for IgE antibody testing: singleplex and multiplex assays Authors: Robert G. Hamilton, Jörg Kleine-Tebbe                                            Abstract   IgE antibody tests are run as singleplex (one), multi-allergen (<10) and multiplex (>100 allergen specificities) assays, all with particular design and performance features. Allergen extracts remain the principal reagents for IgE assays; allergenic molecules supplement labile or missing allergens in extracts or are analyzed individually. Allergenic molecules enhance the IgE assay’s analytical sensitivity, and improve its analytical specificity by separating serological cross-reactivity from primary (genuine) sensitization to an allergen source or by identifying r...

Capítulo A3.  Molecular allergy diagnostics in clinical practice Authors: Jörg Kleine-Tebbe, Thilo Jakob Abstract: Diagnostic work-up for IgE mediated allergic reactions/diseases starts with the history, followed by sensitization tests (skin, IgE and basophil tests) and optional challenge tests (Top-down approach) Molecular allergens for IgE testing provide additional information, particularly in polysensitized patients and with allergens of low abundance, low stability or associated risks IgE reactivity to members of the same allergen family reflect the degree of protein homology and IgE cross-reactivity. If it is high, the relevance needs to be sorted out clinically. In case it is low, selected IgE testing of other family members can provide additional information. Proper interpretation should complete diagnostic testing: Positive sensitizations to allergen extracts or molecules are only clinically relevant in case of corresponding symptoms EAACI ...

Capítulo A2.  Allergens and the Allergenic Composition of Source Materials Authors: Ronald van Ree, Rob C. Aalberse Abstract:  Many different types of proteins are allergenic. The context of a protein may be a major determinant for its allergenicity. Some IgE inducers are not really allergens at all because they don’t induce symptoms. This negatively impacts specificity of diagnostic tests, certainly of extract-based tests but also still of molecular tests. Allergen extracts are imperfect but not yet obsolete. Molecular sensitization profiles: potential biomarkers for disease phenotypes and progression The initial response to an allergen source is possibly characterized by IgE antibodies to one or two “initiator” allergens. EAACI link:  https://www.eaaci.org/documents/Molecular_Allergology-web.pdf

Capítulo A1: Alergollogy from extracts to molecules: Integrating tadition with innovation. Authors : Paolo Maria Matricardi, Jörg Kleine-Tebbe, Hans Jürgen Hoffmann, Rudolf Valenta, Markus Ollert.  Abstract:  The transition from allergen extracts to molecules for the diagnostic work-up of IgE mediated reactions/diseases has great potential, but requires detailed knowledge and intelligent interpretation Diagnostic algorithms traditionally start with the history (“top-down”), followed by skin tests, then IgE assays adding allergen molecules for “component-resolved diagnosis” (CRD) Novel diagnostics invert the test order (“bottom-up”) and start with a multiplex (i.e. microarray-based) IgE assay and many components. Then the history is reviewed for concordance to establish a broad CRD Combining both strategies, “top-down” and “bottom-up”, creates a “U-shaped” sequence. Traditional diagnostic work-up can thus be expanded by a broad screening for IgE-binding molecule...

Causal Relationship Between Anti-TPO IgE and Chronic Urticaria by In Vitro and In Vivo Tests Authors:  Jorge Sánchez,1,2* Andres Sánchez,1,2,3 Ricardo Cardona1 1 Group of Experimental and Clinical Allergy, IPS Universitaria, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia 2 Foundation for the Development of Medical and Biological Sciences, Cartagena, Colombia 3 Immunology Department, University Corporation Rafael Núñez, Cartagena, Colombia Abstract:  Purpose: Immunoglobulin (Ig) E autoantibodies against thyroid antigens such as thyroid peroxidase (TPO) have been demonstrated in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) patients in higher frequency than healthy subjects. However, if these IgE autoantibodies can trigger urticaria is still a matter of study. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between concomitant IgE autoantibodies against thyroid antigens in CSU. Methods: Patients with CSU, healthy subjects and patients with autoimmune thyroid d...

Early IL-10 producing B-cells and coinciding Th/Tr17 shifts during three year grass-pollen AIT Authors:  Ulrich M. Zissler a,1, Constanze A. Jakwerth a,1, FerdinandM. Guertha, Lisa Pechtold a,b, Juan Antonio Aguilar-Pimentel a, Katharina Dietz a, Kathrin Suttner a, Guido Piontek b, Bernhard Haller c, Zuzana Hajdu b, Matthias Schiemann d, Carsten B. Schmidt-Weber a, Adam M. Chaker a,b a Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz Center Munich, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Biedersteiner Str. 29, Munich 80802, Germany b Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich 81675, Germany c Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, Grillparzerstr. 18, Munich 81675, Germany d Department of Microbiology and...

Ascariasis as a model to study the helminth/allergy relationships. Authors:  Caraballo L, Acevedo N, Zakzuk J .  Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia. Abstract: Ascariasis is the most frequent soil transmitted helminthiasis and, as well as other helminth infections, is expected to influence the clinical presentation of allergic diseases such as asthma. Indeed, several clinical and experimental works have shown an important impact either increasing or suppressing symptoms, and the same effects have been detected on the underlying immune responses. In this review we analyze the work on this field performed in Colombia, a Latin American tropical country, including aspects such as the molecular genetics of the IgE response to Ascaris; the allergenic activity of Ascaris IgE-binding molecular components and the immunological and clinical influences of ascariasis on asthma. The analysis allows us to conclude that the impact o...

Allergen Extracts for In Vivo Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergy: Is There a Future? Authors:  Rudolf Valenta, MDa,b,c, Alexander Karaulov, MDc, Verena Niederberger, MDd, Yury Zhernov, PhDb, Olga Elisyutina, MDb, Raffaela Campana, PhDa, Margarete Focke-Tejkl, PhDa, Mirela Curin, PhDa, Leyla Namazova-Baranova, MDe, Jiu-Yao Wang, MD, PhDf, Ruby Pawankar, MD, PhDg, and Musa Khaitov, MDb V. aDepartment of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria bNRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia cLaboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Alergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia dDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria eDepartment of Pediatrics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia fCenter for Allergy and Immunology Research (ACIR), College ...