ALERGOLOGÍA PARA MÉDICOS Y PACIENTES 2021

Immune responses in COVID-19 and potential vaccines: Lessons learned from SARS and MERS epidemic Authors: Eakachai Prompetchara,1,2,3 Chutitorn Ketloy,1,2 Tanapat Palaga4,5  From: 1 Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development (Chula Vaccine Research Center Chula VRC), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 3 Vaccines and Therapeutic Proteins Research Group, the Special Task Force for Activating Research (STAR), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 4 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 5 Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand Abstract As the world is witnessing the epidemic of COVID-19, a disease caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerging genetics and clinical...

Red Meat Allergy in Children and Adults Authors: Jeffrey M Wilson  1 , Thomas A E Platts-Mills Abstract Purpose of review: To highlight recent advances in our understanding of the clinical features, prevalence, and pathophysiology of red meat allergy. Recent findings: Allergic reactions to red (i.e. mammalian) meat have historically been considered rare and described primarily in young atopic children. It is now clear that red meat allergy is not uncommon in some parts of the world in other age groups. Strikingly, the majority of these cases relate to specific IgE to galactose-α-1,3-galactose, an oligosaccharide of nonprimate mammals. The mechanism of sensitization in this syndrome relates to bites of certain hard ticks and the clinical reactions often have a delay of 3 to 6 h. An additional form of red meat allergy relates to inhalant sensitization to mammalian proteins. The best characterized example involves cat-sensitized patients with specific IgE to cat serum albumin...

COVID-19 and allergen immunotherapy: theoretical benefits invite to adjustments in practice recommendations Authors: Désirée Larenas-Linnemann, MD,∗ Noel Rodríguez-Pérez, MD, Jose Antonio Ortega-Martell, MD, Virginia Blandon Vijil, MD, Jorge A. Luna-Pech, MD, PhD, and Mexican Immunotherapy Working Group Abstract  Introduction During the pandemic of COVID-19 the world is facing at this moment, professional groups have made specialty-specific recommendations. Thus, suggestions on how to manage allergen immunotherapy (AIT) have been published by several workgroups,(1, 2, 3) that are timely and adequate for the present situation. However, none of the manuscripts reviews the immune effects of AIT in the light of the immunological changes brought about by coronavirus, and more specifically SARS-CoV-2. Taking a closer look at what is known in this field at present, one could conclude there might be a theoretical advantage for allergic patients to receive sublingual or subcutaneo...

SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Testing – Questions to be asked Authors:  K.ÖzçürümezMD1AndreasAmbroschMD2∗OliverFreyMD34∗VerenaHaselmannMD5∗StefanHoldenriederMD6∗MichaelKiehntopfMD7∗MichaelNeumaierMD5∗MichaelWalterMD89∗FolkerWenzelMD10∗RomanWölfelMD1112∗HaraldRenzMD13∗ COVID-19 Task Force of theGerman Society for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (DGKL) Abstract  SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of COVID-19 disease presents a major healthcare challenge of global dimensions. Laboratory diagnostics of infected patients, and the assessment of immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 virus presents a major cornerstone in handling the pandemic. Currently there is an increase in demand of antibody testing and a large number of tests are already marketed or in the late stage of development. However, the interpretation of test results depends on many variables and factors, including sensitivity, specificity, potential cross-reactivity and cross-protectivity; the diagnostic value of a...

Pólenes  Autor: Dra. Diana Martínez 

Pathological inflammation in patients with COVID-19: a key role for monocytes and macrophages Authors: Miriam Merad & Jerome C. Martin  Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2 has led to more than 200,000 deaths worldwide. Several studies have now established that the hyperinflammatory response induced by SARS-CoV-2 is a major cause of disease severity and death in infected patients. Macrophages are a population of innate immune cells that sense and respond to microbial threats by producing inflammatory molecules that eliminate pathogens and promote tissue repair. However, a dysregulated macrophage response can be damaging to the host, as is seen in the macrophage activation syndrome induced by severe infections, including in infections with the related virus SARS-CoV. Here we describe the potentially pathological roles of macrophages during SARS-CoV-2 infection and discuss ongoing and prospective therapeutic strategies to modulate macroph...

Clinical Characterization and Diagnostic Approaches for Patients Reporting Hypersensitivity Reactions to Quinolones Authors: InmaculadaDoñaMD, PhDabNataliaPérez-SánchezMDabMaríaSalasMD, PhDabEstherBarrionuevoMD, PhDcdArturoRuiz-San FranciscoMDeDoloresHernández Fernández de RojasMD, PhDfgJaumeMartí-GarridoMDgInmaculadaAndreu-RosPhDfRamónLópez-SalgueiroMDfEstherMorenoMD, PhDhiMaría JoséTorresMD, PhDabjk Abstract  Background Quinolones are the second most frequent cause of hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to antibiotics. A marked increase in the number of patients with HSRs to quinolones has been detected. Objective To describe the clinical characteristics of patients with HSRs to quinolones and present methods for their diagnosis. Methods Patients attending the allergy unit due to reactions suggestive of HSRs to quinolones were prospectively evaluated between 2005 and 2018. Diagnosis was achieved using clinical history, skin tests (STs), basophil activation tests (BAT...

Alergia a epitelios de animales  Autor: Dra Natalia Aguirre 

Pro/Con Debate CON: Skin testing with fresh foods Aikaterini Anagnostou, MD, PhD Texas Children’s Hospital Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology; Baylor College of Medicine Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Houston, Texas 10.1016/j.anai.2019.12.010 Pro/Con Debate Pro: Skin prick testing with fresh foods Arnon Elizur, MD *, y; Michael R. Goldberg, MD * * Institute of Allergy, Immunology and Pediatric Pulmonology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel 10.1016/j.anai.2019.11.032

Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine With or Without a Macrolide for Treatment of COVID-19: A Multinational Registry Analysis Authors: Mandeep R Mehra 1, Sapan S Desai 2, Frank Ruschitzka 3, Amit N Patel 4 Affiliations expand Abstract Background: Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine, often in combination with a second-generation macrolide, are being widely used for treatment of COVID-19, despite no conclusive evidence of their benefit. Although generally safe when used for approved indications such as autoimmune disease or malaria, the safety and benefit of these treatment regimens are poorly evaluated in COVID-19. Methods: We did a multinational registry analysis of the use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19. The registry comprised data from 671 hospitals in six continents. We included patients hospitalised between Dec 20, 2019, and April 14, 2020, with a positive laboratory finding for SARS-CoV-2. Patients who received one of...

Hypersensitivity to Tetracyclines: Skin Testing, Graded Challenge, and Desensitization Regimens Authors: Michelle C Maciag  1 , Stephanie L Ward  2 , Amy E O'Connell  3 , Ana D Broyles  4 Abstract Background: Hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to tetracyclines and the related compound, tigecycline, can limit the use of these medications and compromise optimal patient care. Despite this, there is little discussion in the literature describing the presentation of these reactions or guiding clinicians on the management of these reactions in adult and pediatric patients. Objective: To describe the clinical features, optimal diagnostic approach, and management of HSRs to tetracyclines. Methods: Patients with reactions to tetracyclines at our institution from 2011 to 2019 were identified by retrospective chart review. Skin testing protocols were designed for each antibiotic. Graded challenge and desensitization procedures were devised based on medical history, ski...