Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Alessandro

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Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19

Authors: Alessandro Sette and Shane Crotty

Abstract:
The adaptive immune system is important for control of most viral infections. The three fundamental compo- nents of the adaptive immune system are B cells (the source of antibodies), CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells. The armamentarium of B cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells has differing roles in different viral infections and in vaccines, and thus it is critical to directly study adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 to understand COVID-19. Knowledge is now available on relationships between antigen-specific immune responses and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although more studies are needed, a picture has begun to emerge that reveals that CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and neutralizing antibodies all contribute to control of SARS-CoV-2 in both non-hospitalized and hospitalized cases of COVID-19. The specific functions and kinetics of these adaptive immune responses are discussed, as well as their interplay with innate immunity and implications for COVID- 19 vaccines and immune memory against re-infection.

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